Question 1

What is Tracheitis?

Accepted Answer

It is a medical situation in which different types of bacteria attack the trachea, making breathing difficult for the patient and narrowing the airway.

Question 2

What is COPD?

Accepted Answer

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD is a long-term, obstructive lung disease which obstructs the outflow of air from the lung and makes it hard for the patient to breathe. COPD is a progressive disease, getting worse over time. It is also sometimes difficult to diagnose.

Question 3

What is Viral Pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

It is an infection or bacterial attack damaging the upper respiratory system or the lungs.

Question 4

What causes bronchiolitis?

Accepted Answer

Bronchiolitis is most caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), but other viruses, such as influenza, rhinovirus, and adenovirus, can also cause the infection.

Question 5

What are the causes of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Asthma can be caused by genetic and environmental factors. Common triggers include allergens (such as pollen, pet dander, and dust mites), respiratory infections, air pollution, tobacco smoke, cold air, exercise, and certain medications.

Question 6

Q1. What conditions can benefit from pulmonary rehabilitation?

Accepted Answer

Conditions like COPD, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiectasis, and post-COVID breathing issues respond well to pulmonary rehab.

Question 7

What are common respiratory illnesses in children?

Accepted Answer

Common respiratory illnesses in children include asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, croup, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.

Question 8

Can respiratory failure be reversed?

Accepted Answer

Acute respiratory failure can often be reversed with prompt treatment. Chronic respiratory failure requires ongoing management to improve quality of life and prevent complications

Question 9

Q1. Can yoga cure asthma completely?

Accepted Answer

No, yoga cannot cure asthma, but it can help reduce symptoms and improve breathing control.

Question 10

How long does it take to recover from COVID-19 lung damage?

Accepted Answer

Recovery time varies. Mild cases may improve within 3–6 weeks, while severe or fibrotic damage can take months. Structured rehab speeds up recovery.

Question 11

How does sleep apnea cause respiratory acidosis?

Accepted Answer

It causes respiratory acidosis, hindering the body's ability to expel carbon dioxide during breathing.

Question 12

What objects are commonly aspirated?

Accepted Answer

Commonly aspirated objects include food items (like nuts and seeds), small toys, coins, and buttons. Small, round objects pose a higher risk.

Question 13

Can food allergies cause asthma attacks?

Accepted Answer

Yes, in allergic individuals, certain foods can directly trigger or worsen asthma symptoms.

Question 14

Which is better, a NIV or a ventilator?

Accepted Answer

NIVs and ventilators serve different purposes. NIV is a less invasive option using a mask for breathing support. Ventilators use a tube inserted through the mouth, offering stronger support in critical cases. Doctors choose the method that best suits the patient's needs.

Question 15

What causes seasonal asthma?

Accepted Answer

Seasonal asthma is triggered by pollen, humidity, air pollution, and temperature changes that irritate the airway

Question 16

Do non-smokers get lung cancer?

Accepted Answer

It is not common for non-smokers to be affected by lung cancer, but there are several causes apart from smoking that have been known to cause cancer of the lungs. Besides lung cancer, several lung disorders might make lung operation a requirement for future well-being, and it is best to consult with a pulmonologist or a specialist at a lung hospital to determine if you are a candidate who requires lung surgery if you are affected by any of the symptoms that accompany lung disease.

Question 17

What is occupational asthma?

Accepted Answer

It’s a form of asthma caused or worsened by inhaling chemical fumes, dust, or allergens at the workplace.

Question 18

What is a blood oxygen level, and why is it important?

Accepted Answer

The blood oxygen level represents the percentage of oxygen bound to haemoglobin in the blood. It is crucial for overall health, as oxygen is essential for cellular function, brain activity, and the proper functioning of vital organs. Deviations from the normal range can have significant health implications.

Question 19

Q1. What is an asthma action plan?

Accepted Answer

It’s a written guide created with your doctor to manage asthma symptoms, medications, and emergency steps effectively.

Question 20

Can coughing up blood be a sign of a serious condition?

Accepted Answer

Yes, while it can sometimes be due to minor issues like a respiratory infection, coughing up blood can also be a sign of serious conditions such as lung cancer, tuberculosis, or pulmonary embolism.

Question 21

Is it safe to use inhalers during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Yes, most inhalers are considered safe for use during pregnancy. They help control asthma symptoms and ensure that both the mother and baby receive enough oxygen.

Question 22

What causes cobblestone throat?

Accepted Answer

Cobblestone throat can be caused by various factors, including allergies, acid reflux, chronic sinusitis, smoking, and environmental factors such as pollution or dry air.

Question 23

How often should I update my asthma management plan?

Accepted Answer

You should review and update it every 6 months or whenever your symptoms or medications change.

Question 24

Can asthma get worse during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Asthma symptoms during pregnancy can vary; some women experience improvement, while others notice worsening symptoms due to hormonal and physiological changes.

Question 25

Q2. How is pulmonary rehabilitation different from physiotherapy?

Accepted Answer

While physiotherapy focuses on general mobility, pulmonary rehab is a multidisciplinary program dedicated to improving lung function and breathing efficiency.

Question 26

What are the warning signs of post-Covid lung complications?

Accepted Answer

Persistent breathlessness, low oxygen saturation, chest tightness, or cough beyond 3 weeks should be evaluated by a pulmonologist.

Question 27

Which occupations are most at risk?

Accepted Answer

Workers in factories, bakeries, healthcare, agriculture, and cleaning industries face the highest risk.

Question 28

Who is most at risk for bronchiolitis?

Accepted Answer

Infants, especially those under 6 months, premature babies, and children with underlying health conditions or weakened immune systems, are at higher risk.

Question 29

What are the risk factors for COPD?

Accepted Answer

COPD is strongly linked to cigarette smoking, while other types of tobacco, like cigars, water pipes and marijuana, are also risk factors. Exposure to second-hand smoke and air pollutants besides family history are also taken into account. Also, women who smoke are 50% more likely than male smokers to develop COPD, while the age group of 40 to 60 is particularly vulnerable.

Question 30

Q2. Are herbal remedies safe for asthma?

Accepted Answer

Some herbs may help, but others can trigger allergies; always consult your doctor before use.

Question 31

Can foreign body aspiration cause long-term damage?

Accepted Answer

If not promptly treated, foreign body aspiration can lead to lung infections, chronic cough, or even permanent lung damage.

Question 32

Why would I need a lobectomy?

Accepted Answer

Lobectomy or bi-lobectomy is most commonly performed if lung cancer is diagnosed at an early stage and a lung surgeon determines if the cancer can be removed entirely through sectioning off of a lobe of the lung. It may also be performed in severe infections such as tuberculosis, complicated fungal infections, abscesses, and scarring that may block airways.

Question 33

What are the different types of Lung Surgery?

Accepted Answer

Wedge resection (segmentectomy) involves removing a small wedge-shaped piece of lung containing a lung cancer tumour and a margin of healthy tissue around it as a precautionary measure. This method increases the risk of recurring lung cancer.

Lobectomy - The left lung has two lobes, and the right has three. In Lobectomy, an entire lobe of your lung that contains the cancer is removed. Your lungs are completely capable of functioning with the remaining lobes.

Pneumonectomy—In this type of surgery, the entire lung containing the lung cancer is removed. A pneumonectomy is done very rarely as it greatly reduces overall lung function.

Sleeve resection - The cancerous part of the bronchus is removed. The bronchus is the part of the trachea (windpipe) that branches off into each side of the lungs.

Some other common lung surgeries or procedures are

Biopsy of an unknown growth
Lobectomy, to remove one or more lobes of a lung
Lung transplant
Pneumonectomy, to remove a lung
Surgery to prevent the buildup or return of fluid to the chest (pleurodesis)
Surgery to remove an infection in the chest cavity (empyema)
Surgery to remove blood in the chest cavity, particularly after trauma
Surgery to remove small balloon-like tissues (blebs) that cause lung collapse (pneumothorax)
Wedge resection, to remove part of a lobe in a lung
A thoracotomy is a surgical cut that a surgeon makes to open the chest wall.

Question 34

What is the use of non-invasive ventilation in critically ill patients?

Accepted Answer

In critically ill patients, non-invasive ventilation (NIV) offers breathing support without needing an invasive breathing tube. It delivers pressurised air, easing breathing effort, improving oxygen levels, and potentially preventing the need for a more invasive procedure.

Question 35

What is the normal range for blood oxygen levels?

Accepted Answer

The normal range for blood oxygen levels typically falls between 95% and 100%. Levels below 90% may indicate hypoxemia, a condition characterised by insufficient oxygen supply to the body.

Question 36

Is coughing up blood always an emergency?

Accepted Answer

Not always, but it can be. Small amounts of blood in the sputum from a known cause, like bronchitis, may not require emergency care.

Question 37

What are the symptoms of cobblestone throat?

Accepted Answer

The main symptom of cobblestone throat is a rough, lumpy sensation in the throat. Additional symptoms may include persistent coughing, throat irritation, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness or voice changes, excessive throat clearing, and post-nasal drip.

Question 38

What is the best treatment for asthma?

Accepted Answer

The best asthma treatment depends on its severity and individual factors. Generally, asthma is managed with a combination of medications, including inhaled corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, long-acting beta-agonists to relax the airways, leukotriene modifiers, and rescue inhalers for acute symptoms.

Question 39

What are the causes of Tracheitis?

Accepted Answer

Different types of bacterial infection, HIV/AIDS, weak immune systems, and people who have diabetes and high blood pressure are more prone to getting affected by bacterial infection.

Question 40

How does nutrition impact respiratory failure?

Accepted Answer

Good nutrition supports overall health and lung function. Eating a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals can help reduce inflammation and improve respiratory health.

Question 41

What are the primary causes of respiratory illnesses in children?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory illnesses in children can be caused by viruses (e.g., influenza, common cold viruses), bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae), environmental factors (e.g., exposure to smoke or pollutants), and genetic predispositions.

Question 42

What are the causes of Viral Pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Viruses such as Influenza virus, metapneumovirus are some of the viruses that cause Viral Pneumonia.

Question 43

How is respiratory failure treated?

Accepted Answer

Treatment includes oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, medications to treat underlying causes (like antibiotics for infections) and addressing contributing factors such as fluid buildup or airway obstruction.

Question 44

Q3. Does acupuncture really work for asthma?

Accepted Answer

Scientific evidence is limited; it may offer short-term relief but isn’t a proven treatment.

Question 45

How can foreign body aspiration be prevented?

Accepted Answer

Preventive measures include keeping small objects out of the reach of children, supervising them while eating, and avoiding giving them high-risk foods like nuts and popcorn.

Question 46

How long does bronchiolitis usually last?

Accepted Answer

Bronchiolitis typically lasts about 1-2 weeks, with symptoms peaking around the third to fifth day before gradually improving.

Question 47

How much blood is considered serious when coughing up blood?

Accepted Answer

Coughing up more than a few teaspoons of blood, or repeated instances of coughing up blood, is considered serious and should be treated as an emergency.

Question 48

Q3. How soon will I see improvement?

Accepted Answer

Most patients notice better breathing, stamina, and energy levels within 4–6 weeks of consistent participation.

Question 49

Can occupational asthma be reversed?

Accepted Answer

If diagnosed early and exposure is eliminated, symptoms can often be reversed with proper treatment.

Question 50

What is the purpose of non-invasive ventilation?

Accepted Answer

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) supports breathing without requiring a tube down the throat. This can be helpful in both acute situations and chronic respiratory conditions.

Question 51

What is the root cause of asthma?

Accepted Answer

The root cause of asthma is complex and not entirely understood. It involves a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Genetic factors can make individuals more susceptible to asthma, while environmental triggers such as allergens, pollutants, and respiratory infections can exacerbate symptoms.

Question 52

Can Covid cause permanent lung damage?

Accepted Answer

Yes, in some severe cases, especially if pneumonia or fibrosis develops. Early intervention and COVID-19 lung damage recovery programs can limit long-term effects.

Question 53

What are the symptoms of Viral Pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Cough, fever, muscle and throat pain, and headache are some of the symptoms of the infection.

Question 54

What are the symptoms of COPD?

Accepted Answer

While symptoms may vary among patients, the most prevalent ones are chronic cough, shortness of breath, mucus production and general fatigue.

Question 55

What are the typical symptoms of respiratory illnesses in children?

Accepted Answer

Symptoms may vary, but common signs include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, nasal congestion, fever, and difficulty breathing. These symptoms can range from mild to severe.

Question 56

What are the five main causes of respiratory acidosis?

Accepted Answer

The five main causes of respiratory acidosis are hypoventilation, lung diseases, airway obstruction, neuromuscular disorders, and drug overdose.

Question 57

What are the symptoms of Tracheitis?

Accepted Answer

Some signs of infection in the trachea are health symptoms such as fever, pain in the throat and chest, runny nose, fatigue, breathing problems, and blue nails and lips.

Question 58

Does cobblestone throat affect voice?

Accepted Answer

Cobblestone throat can indirectly affect the voice, as the swollen lymphatic tissue and throat irritation can lead to hoarseness or voice changes. However, the impact on the voice varies depending on the severity and underlying cause of cobblestone throat.

Question 59

What factors can influence blood oxygen levels?

Accepted Answer

Several factors can impact blood oxygen levels, including lung health, heart function, altitude, and underlying medical conditions. Conditions such as COPD or asthma can affect the lungs' ability to supply oxygen, while heart issues can compromise the distribution of oxygenated blood.

Question 60

How is lung surgery performed?

Accepted Answer

Lung surgery using a thoracotomy is an open surgery procedure. In this surgery, the patient must lie on the side of an operating table, with the arms placed above the head.

The surgeon makes a surgical cut between two ribs, which will be removed and separated safely. The lung on this side is deflated during surgery, so air will not move in and out of it, making it easier for the surgeon to operate on it. Depending on the patient's condition, the surgeon decides what type of surgery is required. After the surgery, the surgeon closes the ribs, muscles, and skin with sutures. Open lung surgery usually takes 2 to 6 hours.

Question 61

What should be included in an asthma emergency plan?

Accepted Answer

Clear instructions for identifying attack severity, medication dosages, and when to seek medical attention.

Question 62

How can I naturally increase my blood oxygen levels?

Accepted Answer

Here are some ways.

- Deep breathing exercises.
- Engage in daily physical activity.
- Hydration
- Healthy diet
- Adequate sleep
- Quit smoking.

Question 63

What treatments are available for foreign body aspiration?

Accepted Answer

Treatment typically involves bronchoscopy to remove the object. In severe cases, surgery might be necessary. Prompt medical intervention is crucial.

Question 64

What is the best treatment for cobblestone throat?

Accepted Answer

Treatment for cobblestone throat involves using antihistamines or nasal sprays for allergies, medications or lifestyle changes to manage acid reflux, and antibiotics or nasal corticosteroids for chronic sinusitis. Throat lozenges, saltwater gargles, steam inhalation, and lifestyle modifications can also provide relief and help manage the symptoms.

Pulmonology